The Vehicles

Motorcycles are often recognized for their fuel efficiency, yet a standard Harley typically achieves only around 50 miles per gallon (MPG), which is outperformed by a Prius. With hybrid vehicles raising the bar, motorcycles struggle to keep pace.

For a fair matchup, we should consider commuter-friendly mopeds or scooters like the Yamaha 2017 Vino Classic. With its lightweight build and small engine, this moped is touted as the most efficient gas-powered vehicle available. The Yamaha claims an impressive 127 MPG, though skepticism exists regarding the gap between advertised and actual mileage—a common joke among moped enthusiasts. However, for our analysis—free of life-or-death stakes—I will accept the manufacturer's claim that a moped can travel 127 miles on a gallon of gas (54 km/L).

To assess the bicycle's efficiency, I rode approximately 30 miles (48 km) while using a fitness tracker. The route was flat and low-traffic on a calm day. Riding solo meant no drafting, which can improve efficiency by up to 40%. For this comparison, I equated 29,000 food calories to one gallon of gas.

The Results

As expected, the bicycle outperforms the moped in terms of distance traveled on food versus gasoline. Engines simply cannot convert energy into propulsion as effectively as the human body.

However, examining two-wheeled vehicles against each other reveals an even more compelling narrative. Both significantly surpass four-wheeled alternatives. A good moped easily outdistances an average gas car and can even outpace a Tesla Model Y using equivalent electrical energy (1 gallon = 33.7 kWh).

Two-wheeled vehicles consistently excel, irrespective of the fuel type, residing within an optimal efficiency zone characterized by low drag and high momentum. The excessive weight and size of cars adversely affect their fuel efficiency.

However, human limitations exist: we cannot spin our legs indefinitely, and our maximum speed is restricted. Humans generally operate in a single gear, making sustained high speeds energy-intensive.

If a car, moped, ultramarathon runner, and cyclist each start from the Space Needle with either one gallon of gas or the nutritional equivalent of 29,000 calories, the results are telling. The car runs out of fuel in the Seattle suburbs, the moped sputters to a stop halfway to Portland, the runner makes it to Portland but not beyond, while the bicycle is the only vehicle to complete the journey.

Should we consider two-wheeled vehicles more often?

This analysis serves to highlight the energy required for everyday activities, such as driving to the store. While I do not advocate for a complete lifestyle overhaul, the data suggests that biking could be a more viable option.

It's essential to remember a few caveats. Most households still rely on cars, and while I cycle whenever possible, my biking habits have little effect on my overall car usage.

When deciding how to travel, efficiency is merely one of many factors. Practical considerations such as cargo and distance also play a role. While I can carry 50 lbs of groceries for 20 miles on a bicycle, transporting a family of four over 200 miles is impractical on two wheels. In contrast, cars can handle additional cargo and passengers with less impact on fuel efficiency.

That said, if you're running a short errand without much to carry and the weather permits, consider hopping on a bike. Any kind of bike—be it motorized, electric, or pedal—will suffice. Ultimately, two wheels are indeed the optimal choice.

Are you curious about e-bikes?

So am I! They potentially achieve over 1000 MPGe (400 km/L), making them the most efficient vehicles available. However, I'd prefer to verify this through testing. A comprehensive assessment should factor in both electrical energy and food calories.

If I can evaluate an e-bike using a fitness tracker and an outlet wattmeter, I’ll provide a more definitive update.